This story contains graphic descriptions that some readers may find disturbing.
A witness in Sean “Diddy” Combs‘ federal sex-crimes trial testified that he dangled her over a 17-story balcony and threatened to kill her, adding to the mounting allegations against the former hip-hop mogul of physical, sexual and emotional abuse.
“I’m the devil, and I could kill you,” Combs allegedly told Bryana “Bana” Bongolan, a friend of his former girlfriend, Cassie Ventura Fine.
The testimony comes after the jury heard from Eddy Garcia, a former security officer at a Los Angeles-area hotel where Combs was captured on surveillance video beating Ventura Fine during a 2016 altercation.
Garcia told the court on June 3 that Combs paid $100,000 for a copy of the video, which showed him kicking, hitting and dragging Cassie in the hallway of the InterContinental Hotel. The attack was first described in Ventura Fine’s bombshell 2023 lawsuit, which accused Combs of sexual assault, trafficking and more.
Combs, 55, was arrested in September 2024 and charged with sex trafficking, racketeering and transportation to engage in prostitution. He has pleaded not guilty.
Bongolan, a designer, alleged she “was held over a 17-story balcony” by Combs in September 2016. She testified that the rapper threw her on balcony furniture, and she was left with a bruise on the back of her leg, as well as neck and back pain. She told the court she still experiences night terrors, paranoia and screaming in her sleep.
The witness also testified about another allegedly intense incident with Combs. She said she was at the beach with Ventura Fine and a photographer friend doing an impromptu photoshoot when Combs “came really close to my face and said, ‘I’m the devil, and I could kill you.'”
Bongolan, who said she was likely using cocaine at the time, described being “terrified.” She added that she wasn’t sure why Combs said that to her – or what prompted his alleged rage.
Before the September 2016 incident in which Combs allegedly dangled her over a balcony, Bongolan said she was sleeping in Ventura Fine’s apartment, and Cassie and Bongolan’s ex-girlfriend were also there.
Bongolan recalled waking up to “very loud” banging on the door and rushing her ex-girlfriend to the bathroom, as she did not “want to expose her.”
Then, she said she went to the balcony so she could “act casual and look for a blunt.”
Combs came up from behind her and “lifted me up and put me on top of the rail,” Bongolan told prosecutors. She said she was “scared” and “trying not to slip” while pushing back on Combs. “For a split second, I was thinking I was going to fall,” she said.
Combs allegedly told Bongolan she knew what she did to deserve a punishment, but Bongolan said she still doesn’t know what he meant.
Bongolan estimated that she was dangling for about 10 to 15 seconds. She said she heard Ventura Fine, who sounded like she was in “disbelief,” ask Combs “Did you just hang her over the balcony? Her girlfriend is in the house.” Combs then “swiftly left,” she said.
After she returned home from Ventura Fine’s apartment, Bongolan took a few photos of her bruises, which were shown to those in the courthouse alongside metadata confirming they were captured Sept. 26, 2016, at 9:45 a.m.
The images showed a massive pink, brown and black bruise on the back of her leg. There was also a piercing laceration in the middle of the bruise, where something had poked her skin or cut her, as well as checkered imprints within the bruise.
The same day, she went to a chiropractor who asked her, “Who did this to you?” She “freaked out” and asked to leave, paying for the visit and a neck brace, she said. Days later, Bongolan’s ex-girlfriend took a picture of her back, which showed bandages all over as she wore the neck brace.
Bongolan said Ventura Fine was already dating Combs when she met her, but the designer avoided meeting him for about a year. “I wasn’t fond of what I was seeing” of Ventura Fine’s relationship, Bongolan said, but Ventura Fine “begged” her to.
Bongolan recalled one shopping trip in early 2016 with Ventura Fine where she showed her friend her phone. Combs had allegedly sent “a list of places” where the women had been that day – but they hadn’t told him anywhere they were going, Bongolan said, recalling her shock.
The designer also told jurors she saw Ventura Fine with a black eye on FaceTime before her movie premiere for “The Perfect Match” in 2016. While they spoke on video, Bongolan recalled that the friends quietly looked at each other, and she told Ventura Fine she was sorry.  
Bongolan addressed several instances where Combs would allegedly bang on the door of Ventura Fine’s apartment, often in the middle of the night. She said Ventura Fine sometimes seemed surprised, but at other times his arrivals seemed normal to her.
The witness remembered one night when she was sleeping and was awoken by Combs banging on the door. “He threw (a) knife in Cassie’s direction,” she alleged, telling the court that Ventura Fine later threw a knife back but didn’t hit him.
Bongolan didn’t call the police that night “because I was scared. I was just scared of Puff.” Why was she scared? “Everything I was seeing,” Bongolan told the prosecutor.
She later told jurors she struggles with “nightmares and a lot of paranoia” to this day. Bongolan said she had a nightmare a few days ago, and she’ll often kick the door open to her apartment and peep in just to make sure “it’s clear.”
Combs’ attorney Nicole Westmoreland zeroed in on Bongolan’s claim about Combs throwing a knife “in Cassie’s direction.”
“Are you telling the truth? Do you remember telling this story before? Are you being honest?” Westmoreland questioned. Bongolan responded: “I don’t know how it happened; I just saw what I saw.”
In her first interview with prosecutors, Bongolan had apparently claimed to have seen Ventura Fine and Combs get in knife fights sometimes. Westmoreland emphasized, “knife fights, plural?” and added, “You testified today you saw it once.”
Bongolan replied, “Yes,” adding that she didn’t know where the knife came from and perhaps Combs grabbed it from the kitchen. But Westmoreland pushed back: “It wouldn’t make sense for Mr. Combs to walk in the front door and just throw a knife.”
Bongolan said she and Ventura Fine mostly spent time together at the singer’s apartment, where they would work on clothing designs, talk and use drugs. Bongolan said they used “a lot of marijuana” as well as some cocaine and ketamine. 
The designer alleged that Combs provided the her with drugs on three to four occasions, including ecstasy, cocaine, ketamine and GHB. Bongolan said she did drugs weekly with Ventura Fine, and she would often get drugs for the singer including oxycodone.
She said there were periods when she and Ventura Fine would try to get sober. “We wanted to do better,” Bongolan said. But those periods didn’t last. “It’s hard to get sober when there’s a lot of drugs around,” she said on the stand.
On cross-examination, one of Combs’ lawyers asked whether a clothing line Bongolan and Ventura Fine collaborated on failed because they were using drugs at the time. But the witness shot back they they were competing against fashion lines from fellow singers Rihanna and Beyoncé, and they weren’t as famous.
Frank Piazza, a forensic video expert, walked the jury through a compilation video that he made, which showed the much-discussed 2016 hotel footage of Combs attacking Ventura Fine. However, the compilation also included a reflection in a mirrored wall showing Combs throwing a vase toward Ventura Fine’s head.
The footage also showed him walking away with her cell phone and then her picking up a phone on the wall. Shortly after that, a security guard named Israel Florez, who previously testified in the case, can be seen getting off an elevator as Ventura Fine walks inside a hotel room.
The prosecution admitted 10 videos that show sexually explicit content. The videos were shot in October 2012, October 2014 and December 2014.
Piazza enhanced the video on most of them and the audio on one of them. While jurors will see the videos, reporters in the courtroom will not be allowed to see the footage.
Combs’ trial is expected to last for approximately eight weeks in total.
Judge Arun Subramanian, who’s presiding over the sex-crimes trial in New York, has said he’s hopeful proceedings will wrap up by the July 4 holiday.
The disgraced music mogul is already in custody, and, despite repeated attempts at bail, has remained confined to the Special Housing Unit in Brooklyn’s Metropolitan Detention Center. He has been in jail since his arrest on Sept. 16, 2024.
Combs‘ sex-crimes trial took a star-studded turn with testimony from Kid Cudi.
Cudi, the rapper and one-time boyfriend of Ventura Fine, took the stand on May 22 to allege that Combs once broke into his home and “messed with” his dog. He also spoke about discovering that his car was “on fire” in 2012, after Ventura Fine alleged earlier in the trial that Combs threatened to blow up Cudi’s car.
Ventura Fine and Cudi briefly dated in 2011 during a break in her relationship with Combs after they musically collaborated.
On the stand, Cudi, whose real name is Scott Mescudi, described receiving a call from a “nervous” and “scared” Ventura Fine in December 2011, telling him that Combs had found out about their relationship. Later in the day, Cudi said Capricorn Clark, Combs’ former assistant, called to let him know that Combs was inside Cudi’s house.
Diddy has seven children, six biological. Diddy had his first biological son, Justin Combs, with fashion designer and stylist Misa Hylton.
Diddy adopted Quincy Brown, the son of ex-girlfriend and model Kimberly Porter, who died in 2018 after a battle with pneumonia. The former couple also shared three other children: son Christian “King” Combs and twin daughters D’Lila and Jessie Combs.
Diddy has another daughter, Chance Combs, whom he shares with businesswoman Sarah Chapman.
His seventh and last child, daughter Love Sean Combs, was born in October 2022 with model and cybersecurity specialist Dana Tran.
Garcia testified on June 3 that he was concerned about being in legal trouble for giving the video to Combs, particularly if Ventura Fine filed a police report. The former security guard also said Combs told him he “didn’t have to worry about it” because she “wanted it gone too.”
Garcia recalled that Combs asked for his ID, along with information from other security officers on the scene. He asked Garcia to sign a non-disclosure agreement and another document stating he’d provided the only copy of the video.
After Garcia signed the documents, he said Combs brought him $100,000 in a paper bag. Combs asked how he would spend the money, and allegedly advised him not to “make any big purchases.” Garcia said he gave $50,000 to his boss, Bill Medrano, $22,000 to the other officer and kept $30,000 for himself.
The court saw on June 3 bank statements that seemingly confirmed Ventura Fine’s parents wired money to Bad Boy in December 2011 to prevent Combs from leaking tapes of her having sex in his alleged “freak offs.”
The statements showed an outgoing wire transfer to Ventura Fine on Dec. 14, 2011, followed by a transfer from Ventura Fine to Bad Boy on Dec. 23, 2011. Days later, those funds were returned to sender from Bad Boy.
Ventura Fine’s mother, Regina Ventura, previously testified that she was told she needed to wire Combs $20,000 after he threatened to release the tapes of Ventura Fine. She said she “was scared for my daughter’s safety” and was ordered to “pay Sean Combs because he demanded it.”
No, despite recently handing down a flurry of pardons, including one for reality stars Todd and Julie Chrisley, Trump did not include Combs on that list. But that doesn’t mean he can’t. According to Michigan State law professor Brian Kalt, Trump would be within his presidential rights to extend a preemptive pardon to Combs.
“These are federal charges so that’s the main limit,” Kalt tells USA TODAY. “The matter has (to) be federal, it has to be criminal vs. civil, and related to something that’s already been done. But the person doesn’t have to even be charged yet or convicted. The Supreme Court has said preemptive pardons are OK.” When asked about a possible pardon during an Oval Office press conference on May 30, Trump said he hadn’t been approached about the legal matter but added, “I know people are thinking about it.”
50 Cent is looking to give President Trump his two cents about Combs. In an Instagram post on May 30, the “In da Club” emcee said he would reach out to Trump after the president said he would “look at the facts” in Combs’ case, suggesting a pardon could be on the table.
The rapper shared a clip of the president’s comments in his post and wrote that Combs “said some really bad things about Trump,” adding that he will “reach out so he knows how I feel about this guy.”
Combs is facing federal sex-crimes and trafficking charges in a sprawling lawsuit that has eroded his status as a power player and kingmaker in the entertainment industry.
He was arrested in September 2024 and later charged with racketeering, sex trafficking and transportation to engage in prostitution. The rapper has pleaded not guilty to all five counts against him.
Racketeering is the participation in an illegal scheme under the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Statute, or RICO, as a way for the U.S. government to prosecute organizations that contribute to criminal activity.
Using RICO law, which is typically aimed at targeting multi-person criminal organizations, prosecutors allege that Combs coerced victims, some of whom they say were sex workers, through intimidation and narcotics to participate in “freak offs” — sometimes dayslong sex performances that federal prosecutors allege they have video of.
The trial will not be televised, as cameras are typically not allowed in federal criminal trial proceedings.
USA TODAY will be reporting live from the courtroom. Sign up for our newsletter for more updates.
Contributing: USA TODAY staff
If you are a survivor of sexual assault, RAINN offers support through the National Sexual Assault Hotline at 800.656.HOPE (4673) and Hotline.RAINN.org and en Español RAINN.org/es.
If you or someone you know is a victim of domestic violence, call the National Domestic Violence Hotline at 800-799-7233 or text “START” to 88788.

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Stock Market today | Share Market Highlights – Find here all the highlights related to Sensex, Nifty, BSE, NSE, share prices and Indian stock markets for 4 June 2025.
India may boost US imports of shale gas, LNG & crude oil to diversify its trade basket, as talks resume amid global uncertainties
Rupee weakens on geopolitical tensions and oil prices, awaiting RBI rate cut decision, impacting forex trading and equity markets.
360 ONE Asset has invested ₹170.6 crore in Paras Healthcare through a mix of primary and secondary transactions. The funding supports Paras’ expansion across North India and aligns with 360 ONE’s pre-IPO investment strategy
Flipkart Investments, an arm of e-commerce firm Flipkart, on Wednesday exited Aditya Birla Fashion and Retail by selling its entire 6% stake in the company through block deals worth ₹583 crore.
UBS urges investors to reassess exposure to the US dollar as slowing US growth and global shifts raise risks. The bank recommends diversifying into euros, gold, and other currencies to protect investment value
L&T Technology Services and Tennant Company have signed a strategic deal to set up an Offshore Development Centre focused on smart, sustainable industrial cleaning solutions. The collaboration leverages LTTS’ digital engineering expertise to accelerate innovation.
Reliance Infrastructure informed that NCLAT, Delhi, has suspended the Order dated May 30, 2025 passed by NCLT, Mumbai, admitting the Company into Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process.
Swan Energy (+8.78%), Inventurus Knowledge Solutions (+6.05%), GRSE (+6.05%), AsterDM (+5.72%), RITES (+5.57%)
Sun Pharma's clinical trial failure impacts SPARC stock, highlighting the challenges in derma-oncology research.
“The RBI is expected to cut the repo rate by 25 basis points to 5.75% to support economic growth while keeping inflation in check. It may maintain its accommodative stance, and a potential downward revision in inflation forecasts could raise expectations of further rate cuts. With inflation remaining below the 4% target, the central bank is likely to prioritize growth, making a rate cut a strong possibility.
Anticipation of a rate cut is likely to benefit the bond market, as falling interest rates typically lead to a rise in bond prices. Yields, especially on government securities, may decline further, enhancing returns for existing bondholders and boosting demand for fixed-income assets.”
Stocks advanced on BSE at 3 pm on June 4, 2025, were 2,128 against 1,840 stocks that declined, and 151 remained unchanged. Total stocks traded were 4,119. The number of stocks that recorded a 52-week high was 105, and those that hit a 52-week low was 47. A total of 264 stocks traded in the upper circuit, and 226 in the lower circuit.
GRSE has clarified that the company has entered into a non-binding MoU with Kongsberg to receive design expertise for indigenous construction of a Polar Research Vessel (PRV). This MoU represents a general understanding and has been signed in the ordinary course of business. “The said MoU does not involve any financial commitment or obligation and does not have any financial impact on the Company”
Shares zoom 5.71% on the NSE to ₹3,330.30.
“The upcoming RBI MPC meeting is coming at the backdrop of strong GDP growth print of 7.4% which was significantly higher than market expectation of 6.8%. While it is difficult to make forward looking projections on global growth where significant uncertainties still exist, the latest domestic growth data suggest limited downside risks to growth.
Therefore, we expect a 25 bp cut in policy rate at the June MPC meeting. This coupled with the ongoing accommodative stance will position MPC to react to any data surprises on either side. By adequate modulation in the systemic liquidity, RBI has ensured overnight rates hovering at lower end of LAF corridor in the recent past, thus effectively easing by 75 bp as against 50bp rate reduction till now in this rate reduction cycle. 
The lowering interest rate differential between US and India and its impact on overseas investments (FPI flows) in India and the mid to long term trajectory of the inflation factoring in adverse base effect (lower base increasing the YOY number) will weigh in MPC decisions as the policy rate goes further lower.
Therefore, we expect one more 25bp cut in next MPC meeting to be held in August most likely ending the rate easing cycle with Repo rate getting floored at 5.50% followed by a prolonged pause.”
Sobha (-2.20%), Brigade (-1.88%), Anant Raj (-1.51%), Oberoi Realty (-1.33%)
“A 25 basis point cut in the repo rate to 5.75% appears likely in the upcoming RBI MPC policy, given the sustained moderation in inflation and a broader need to support growth amid global uncertainties. With headline CPI inflation easing well below the 4% target and growth showing signs of softness, the case for continued monetary support is strong.
Global economic growth is projected to slow by 50 basis points in 2025, with trade volume growth expected to decline to 1.7% due to persistent geopolitical tensions. 
Domestically, liquidity remains in surplus and interest rates on liabilities are adjusting swiftly amid the ongoing rate cut cycle. Banks have already reduced savings rates to as low as 2.70%, while fixed deposit rates have been lowered by 30–70 bps since February 2025. With strong transmission expected ahead, diminishing concerns around liquidity and financial stability, and inflation likely to remain within target, conditions appear favorable for a policy rate cut.
Lower interest rates typically improve liquidity and sentiment, benefiting rate-sensitive sectors such as banking, real estate, and automobiles. Banks, in particular, may see stronger credit demand, while real estate could witness better affordability and improved buyer interest. The auto sector may also benefit from lower EMIs, potentially boosting sales across segments.
Overall, a 25 bps cut would reinforce confidence in the central bank’s support for growth, and sectors tied to domestic consumption and credit cycles are likely to be the early beneficiaries.”
Marcellus Investment Managers, in collaboration with Dun & Bradstreet, today released its India Wealth Survey 2025, an in-depth study capturing the evolving financial behaviours, asset preferences, and retirement planning patterns among high-net-worth individuals (HNIs) across India. The survey spans over 465 households across 28 cities, cutting across age groups, occupations, income brackets, and city types, offering a comprehensive view of India is growing affluent class.
“As nifty maintained sustained gains in May , the noticeable thing to watch out will be India Inc’s promoter cashing out. A sustained selling by the promoters which is considered a red flag for market participants , it is notable to see promoters and other large shareholders have offloaded shares worth a staggering Rs 43,400 crore in May alone.
The small cap funds delivered an average return of 8.20% in May, with FII and DII pumping in INR 80k Crs into the market. The 4QFY25 earnings season broadly tracked our expectations, with PAT growth for the Nifty and BSE500 at 0.5% and 8.7%, reinforcing our constructive stance. The Nifty has rallied ~10% since Trump’s pause on 9-Apr.We view current Nifty levels as fundamentally supported, with further upside likely as the earnings cycle shows signs of inflection.
Waaree Renewable Technologies stock surged 3.14% on the BSE to ₹1,063.75. Company had secured a solar project worth ₹345 crore in Rajasthan from a prominent domestic renewable energy generation company.
Waaree Renewable Technologies Ltd, has secured a ₹345 crore order for the turnkey execution of a 300 MW AC / 435 MW DC ground-mounted solar photovoltaic project in Bikaner, Rajasthan.
Western Carriers (India) has received a work order from Jindal Stainless Ltd (JSL) for hiring & trip basis of trailers for container movement inside the JSL plant in Jajpur
Western Carriers stock traded flat on the NSE at ₹112, and JSL shares traded at ₹658.80.
Caplin Point Far East Ltd, Hong Kong, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Caplin Point Laboratories, executed a Share Purchase Agreement on June 3, 2025 to acquire the entire stake in Triwin Pharma S.A DE C.V
Caplin Point Laboratories stock traded flat on the NSE at ₹2,164.60.
Equity benchmark indices trade in the consolidation phase amid mixed global cues and foreign fund outflows. Market experts believe that the investor sentiment is cautious but optimistic with global developments and upcoming RBI policy decisions influencing market movement.
After a muted opening, Sensex rose marginally by 220.17 pts to 80,957.68 as at 12.52 pm, and Nifty 50 inched up 52.85 ptsto 24,595.35
According to CareEdge Ratings, India’s warehousing sector is estimated to reach $35 billion by 2027, witnessing a CAGR of ~15% from 2022. CareEdge Ratings anticipates that India’s total grade A warehousing stock will exceed 420 million square feet (msf) by 2028, with vacancy rates expected to stay below 10% supported by rising demand for Grade A warehouse spaces.
· While the dollar increased, gold prices saw some profit-booking despite a prediction of declining US GDP due to the nation’s international tariff disputes. The drop comes as the OECD cut its forecast for US economic growth this year to 1.6% from its prior 2.2% estimate as President Trump’s erratic tariff policies slow imports. The group also cut its forecast for global growth in 2025 to 2.9% from 3.1%.
· The market outlook remains significantly impacted by geopolitical concerns. There are concerns about another trade war as a result of US President Donald Trump’s increased claims against China. Uncertainty increased when he decided to quadruple steel tariffs.
· Peace negotiations between Russia and Ukraine are still pending, and continuous drone attacks point to a potential escalation. These changes may encourage gold safe-haven flows.
Technical Triggers
· Gold prices have broken the range of $3275(~Rs 95000) and $3375(~Rs 96400) on the upside. If this positive momentum continues, we are likely to see the price rise towards $3450 (~Rs 99000).
· Silver prices have broken the one-month range of $32.5(~Rs 96000) and $34(~Rs 99000), next resistance is $35 (~Rs 101,500).
Of 3,971 stocks traded on the BSE at 12 noon on June 4, 2025, 2,017 advanced against 1,779 stocks that declined, and 175 remained unchanged. While 88 stocks recorded a 52-week high, 34 hit a 52-week low. A total of 221 stocks traded in the upper circuit, and 193 in the lower circuit.
In line with the Reserve Bank of India’s accommodative stance, the possibility of a rate cut remains on the table in the upcoming RBI policy meeting. It is anticipated that the suggested actions will increase the economy’s money supply, boost consumer demand, increase liquidity, and encourage borrowing. By lowering the cost of borrowing, such a move is likely to boost credit demand and improve investments in various industries. 
Additionally, the anticipated rate cut, when viewed together with other macroeconomic indicators such as robust GDP growth, improving industrial output, and controlled inflation may create a favourable environment for medium-term outlook. Further, will set a stronger groundwork for sectoral recovery in the upcoming quarters. Sectors such as real estate, which are highly sensitive to interest rate movements, are poised to benefit meaningfully along with a positive stimulate to allied industries. Investors are optimistic about decreased borrowing costs, which would stimulate demand for automotive and many other discretionary products, subsequently enhancing lending activities, benefitting both banks and non-banking financial institutions.
Zydus Lifesciences shares inched up 0.90% on the BSE to ₹934.80. The company is acquiring two US-based biologics manufacturing facilities from Agenus for $75 million upfront, and has also secured exclusive licensing rights for Agenus’s next-generation immuno-oncology platforms, Botensilimab and Balstilimab.
Citi today announced the appointment of Dr Tooba Modassir as Chief Human Resources Officer for India and the Indian Subcontinent, as well as the Banking HR Advisor (HRA) for the sub-cluster.
Tooba succeeds Aditya Mittal, who has retired from Citi after a career of over 30 years.
The company secured $750 million of financing through ECBs from international banks. The proceeds will be utilised towards refinancing the existing $400 million debt, and the remaining towards growth capex of six of its airports and AAHL’s non-aero business. Financing was led by First Abu Dhabi Bank, Barclays PLC, and Standard Chartered Bank
Epigral Limited has executed Share Subscription and Shareholder’s Agreement with ‘Prozeal Green Power Private Limited’ and ‘Pro-Zeal Green Power Ten Private Limited’ (Power Producer), and Energy Supply Agreement with ‘Pro-Zeal Green Power Ten Private Limited’ to source a contracted capacity of 19.80 MW ‘Wind Solar Hybrid (WSH) Power’ (“Project”) as a Captive Consumer from WSH power plant located in the State of Gujarat.
Stock traded flat on the NSE at ₹1,797.40
Servotech Renewable Power System shares rallied 11.18% to ₹163.72 (hitting a high of ₹168.50 in early trade) on securing a 7.8 MW Grid-Connected Solar Rooftop Project from Northeast Frontier Railway
Adani Airports Holdings Ltd (AAHL), India’s largest private airport operator and a subsidiary of Adani Enterprises Ltd, has raised $750 million via External Commercial Borrowings (ECB) from a consortium of international banks. The transaction was led by First Abu Dhabi Bank, Barclays PLC, and Standard Chartered Bank. 
Adani Enterprises traded flat on the NSE at ₹2,475.
The rupee depreciated 25 paise to 85.86 against the US dollar in early trade on Wednesday amid outflows of foreign funds.
Rupee weakens against US dollar due to foreign fund outflows, softer oil prices, and positive equity market.
Sun Pharmaceuticals stock traded flat on the NSE at ₹1,659.90. It had announced top-line results from the Phase-2 clinical trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of SCD-044 (a novel, orally bioavailable sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor 1 agonist) for moderate to severe psoriasis.
Bombay Dyeing & Mfg Company informed that the High Court of Judicature at Bombay heard the company’s amended Writ Petition challenging the notice involving the company under Section 79(1)(c) of the Central Goods and Services Tax Act, 2017. The court has granted a stay on the impugned order dated 28th February, 2025 until the next date of hearing, which is scheduled for June 16, 2025 and has directed the company to deposit 10% of the demand
Stock slipped 0.95% on the NSE to ₹151,72
Nifty Bank index is stuck between 55,350 and 56,160 over the last few days. Within this range, it is currently trading at 55,518, down 0.15 per cent. The advances/declines ratio is at 3:9. This can keep the bias negative.
Nifty Bank index is stuck between 55,350 and 56,160 over the last few days. Within this range, it is currently trading at 55,518, down 0.15 per cent.
Nifty 50 continues its struggle to rise. The 24,850-24,900 resistance region continues to hold very well. On Tuesday, the index touched a high of 24,845 and then fell sharply giving back all the gains. It is now currently trading marginally down by 0.04 per cent at 24,535. The advances/declines ratio is at 25:25. This leaves the outlook mixed and keeps equal chances for the index to move either side from here.
Nifty 50 struggles at resistance, outlook mixed with equal chances for index to move either way, key levels highlighted.
Crude oil futures fell on Wednesday morning as the OECD (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development) lowered its global economic growth outlook for the year.

Crude oil futures fall as OECD lowers global economic growth outlook

Crude oil futures fell on Wednesday morning as the OECD (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development) lowered its global economic growth outlook for the year.

Crude oil futures fell on Wednesday morning as the OECD (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development) lowered its global economic growth outlook for the year.
Benchmark stock indices Sensex and Nifty rebounded in early trade on Wednesday after three days of decline tracking a rally in global markets.
The 30-share BSE Sensex climbed 230.17 points to 80,967.68 in early trade. The NSE Nifty went up by 70.25 points to 24,612.75.
Sensex and Nifty rebound in early trade, with major gainers and laggards, supported by global market rally.
Optare Plc. UK, (Buyer – Subsidiary of Ashok Leyland Ltd.,) has entered into a Share Purchase Agreement with Dana Ltd. (Seller), for purchase of their 1.01% stake in Switch Mobility Ltd, UK (SML UK). Post this acquisition, Optare Plc’s shareholding in SML UK would increase from 98.56% to 99.57% and consequently, Optare Plc. UK along with Hinduja Automotive Ltd, UK, will hold 100% in SML UK. 
Ashok Leyland shares traded flat on the NSE at ₹235.76
Track share price movements of YES Bank live here
Top gainers: Tata Motors (+1.80%), Shriram Finance (+1.50%), Eternal (+1.31%), Bharti Airtel (+1.24%), BEL (+1.02%)
Top losers: UltraTech (-0.80%), JSW Steel (-0.70%), Coal India (-0.69%), Titan (-0.59%), ICICI Bank (-0.54%)
Crude oil futures fell on Wednesday morning as the OECD (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development) lowered its global economic growth outlook for the year. At 9.27 am on Wednesday, August Brent oil futures were at $65.41, down by 0.34 per cent, and July crude oil futures on WTI (West Texas Intermediate) were at $63.16, down by 0.39 per cent. June crude oil futures were trading at ₹5432 on Multi Commodity Exchange (MCX) during the initial hour of trading on Wednesday against the previous close of ₹5455, down by 0.42 per cent, and July futures were trading at ₹5377 against the previous close of ₹5395, down by 0.33 per cent.
Indian Energy Exchange, India’s premier electricity exchange, achieved monthly electricity traded volume of 10,946 MU in May’25, marking a 14%increase on a year-on-year basis. A total of 17.43 lakh Renewable Energy Certificates were traded during the month, marking a 65% year-on-year increase
IEX dipped 0.62% on the NSE to ₹199.93.
Ashok Leyland: Company received an order worth Rs 184 crore to supply 543 BSVI diesel chassis and fully built buses (Positive)
Praj Industries Ltd: Company, IATA, and ISMA Join Forces to Advance SAF Carbon Assessment and Certification in India (Positive)
IDFC First: CCI approves the proposed acquisition of up to 9.99% of the paid up share capital of IDFC First Bank by Currant Sea Investments BV. (Positive)
Texmaco Rail: Company bags Rs 122-crore contract for traction substation in Mumbai Suburban Railway. (Positive)
Techno Electric: Company selected by RailTel as managed service partner for 10MW Data Centre project in Noida (Positive) 
Zydus Life: Company arm, Zynext Ventures acquires stake in Agenus, expands its Immuno-oncology pipeline & global reach (Positive) 
NLC India: Company Sets Up Renewable Energy JV with Rajasthan Rajya Vidyut Utpadan Nigam. (Positive) 
Solarium Green: Company Partners with WattPower Systems to Expand Solar Inverter Reach (Positive) 
Garden Reach Shipbuilders: Company to Build First-Ever Polar Research Vessel (PRV) As Co Signs MoU with Norway’s Kongsberg. (Positive) 
Samrat Pharmachem: Company’s bank facilities have been upgraded by CRISIL. The long-term rating is now ‘Crisil BBB-/Stable’ 9upgraded from ‘Crisil BB+/Stable). (Positive) 
R Systems: Company and Mavvrik have announced a strategic partnership to help enterprises gain financial control over AI, cloud, and hybrid infrastructure investments. (Positive) 
Wipro: Company has entered into a multiyear agreement with Entrust, a global leader in identity-centric security solutions. (Positive) 
Piccadily Agro: Company aims to target 1 million cases of whistler barrel aged blended malt whisky in the next 3 years. (Positive) 
Servotech: Company received Rs 33.6 crore order for 7.8MW grid-connected solar rooftop project from Northeast Frontier Railway. (Positive) 
Tata Chemicals: IT department granted a refund of Rs 55.7 crore including interest. (Positive) 
Ather Energy: Ather Rizta Crosses 1 Lakh Unit Retail Sales Mark. (Positive) 
HDFC Bank: SEBI approves India IPO plan of HDB Financial Services. (Positive)
Prostarm: PG Foils bought 6.29 lakh shares at Rs 120 per share (Positive)
Nazara: Ram Babu Gupta bought 4.75 lakh shares at Rs 1,281 per share. (Positive)
Barak Valley: Company reported cement production of 86,430 MT and dispatch of 86,054 MT for the quarter ending March 31, 2025. (Neutral) 
Nuvoco Vistas: Company received a Show Cause Notice from the Excise & Taxation Officer, Chakri Dadri, Haryana, on June 2, 2025. The notice, related to input tax credit for FY19, demands Rs 6.5 Cr. (Neutral)
Ashoka Buildcon: Company’s credit ratings, as assessed by ACUITE Ratings & Research Limited, have been reaffirmed. The long-term debt rating is ‘ACUITE AA’. (Neutral)
One 97 Communications: Company announced the incorporation of Paytm Singapore Pte. Ltd. in Singapore. This new entity is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Paytm Cloud Technologies Limited (Neutral) 
Inox Green: Promoter Entity Devansh Trademart Acquires Stake in Inox Green Energy. (Neutral) 
Adani Total Gas: Nikhil Vohra designated as senior management personnel resigns. (Neutral) 
ABFRL: Flipkart to sell entire 6% stake in co via block deals. Floor price at Rs 80 per share, 7% discount to CMP (Neutral) 
Alkem Laboratories: Jayanti Sinha is set to offload a 1.42% stake in Alkem Laboratories via Block Deal. Floor price at Rs 4850 per share, 3% discount to CMP (Neutral)
Indegene: CA Dawn to sell 10.2% stake worth Rs 1420 cr via block deals. Floor price at Rs 580 per share, 6.4% discount to CMP (Neutral)
Tata Tech: TPG RISE to sell entire 2% stake in co worth Rs 635 crores via block deals. Floor price at Rs 744.5 per share, 3% discount to CMP (Neutral)
Adani Ent: Adani mulls entering airport ground services after Celebi’s exit. (Neutral)
OLA Elect: Hyundai Motor and Kia Corp sell shares worth Rs 690 crore in Ola Electric via open market transactions: NDTV (Neutral)
Yes Bank: Board approved raising funds up to Rs 16,000 crore via debt and equity. The bank will raise Rs 7,500 crore from equity and Rs 8,500 crore from debt securities (Neutral)
Paytm: Paytm Cloud Technologies has incorporated its wholly owned arm Paytm Singapore. (Neutral)
Usha Martin: Promoter Peterhouse Investments India sold 3 lakh shares (Neutral)
Dixon: Company seeks government nod to partner with Chinese firm HKC to make display modules (Neutral)
Rallis: Ex-Date tomorrow, Dividend Rs 2.5/Sh (Neutral)
Jindal Saw: Ex-Date tomorrow, Dividend Rs 2.0/Sh (Neutral)
TCS: Ex-Date today, Dividend Rs 30.0/Sh (Neutral)
Shesha Paper: Ex-Date today, Dividend Rs 2.5/Sh (Neutral)
Tata Motors: Ex-Date today, Dividend Rs 6.0/Sh (Neutral)
Inox India: Ex-Date today, Dividend Rs 2.0/Sh (Neutral)
Coforge: Stock Split at today, Face Value Split from Rs 10/- per share to Rs 2/- per share (Neutral)
Sun Pharma: Psoriasis Drug, SCD-044 fails to meet goal in phase 2 trial (Negative)
75% households, firms in South Asia to face extreme weather next decade
More than 60 per cent of households and firms in South Asia have experienced extreme weather in the last five years, and over 75 per cent expect it for the next decade, a new report by the World Bank revealed. By 2030, 89 per cent of the region’s population are projected to be exposed to extreme heat, while 462 million people (21 per cent) are projected to be exposed to severe flooding.
Indian banks’ asset quality to stay stable amid global risks: Moody’s
Global rating agency Moody’s today said the Indian banking sector will be able to broadly preserve asset quality despite trade tensions posing risks for the global economy. The non-performing loan (NPL) ratio is expected to stay at the 2–3 per cent level over the next 12 months, the agency said.
India moves WTO on extra US tariffs on auto parts
India has approached the WTO over 25% additional US tariffs on auto parts, calling them unjust safeguard measures. With $6B in annual exports at stake, India seeks consultations, citing lack of WTO notification. The move follows US rejection of India’s earlier steel and aluminium retaliation bid.
Meta becomes latest big tech company turning to nuclear power for AI needs
Meta has cut a 20-year deal with Constellation Energy Illinois to secure nuclear power to help meet surging demand for artificial intelligence and other computing needs. Also last fall, Amazon said it was investing in small nuclear reactors, two days after a similar announcement by Google.
US JOLTs job openings surge
The reported number of 7.391 million job openings significantly outpaced the forecasted figure of 7.110 million and compared to the previous figure of 7.200 million. Both hires and total separations were little changed at 5.6 million and 5.3 million, respectively.
Chinese travel more during Dragon Boat holiday but spending lags
Overall spending over the period rose to 42.73 billion yuan ($5.94 billion, a year-on-year increase of 5.9%, but the average amount spent per traveller was a little under 360 yuan ($50), according to Reuters calculations, remaining stubbornly below 2019 levels of around 410 yuan per trip. Inter-regional trips, which include tourist trips, were up 2.5% year-on-year. 
EU May inflation below 2%
Eurozone consumer price inflation eased to 1.9% year-on-year in May 2025, down from 2.2% in April and below market expectations of 2.0%. Core inflation eased to 2.3%, the lowest reading since January 2022.
South African economy stagnated in Q1 2025
South Africa’s economy stagnated in the first quarter, eking out quarter-on-quarter growth of just 0.1%, as contractions in sectors like mining and manufacturing offset a strong performance by agriculture. 4Q CY24 growth revised to 0.4% quarter-on-quarter, from an initial estimate of 0.6%.
Asian markets
Asian markets opened on a positive note following strong US markets. Eyes will be on KRW as the markets look for cues from the new President. Also, developments on Xi-Trump call would be closely watched.
Brent 65.51, DXY 99.19, US 10y 4.44%, Gift Nifty +0.2%
Aptus Value Housing (APTUS): Westbridge Crossover Fund Sells 61.97M Aptus Value Housing Shrs
Ethos (ETHOSLTD): Approves raising up to INR4.1b via rights issue of shares
Garden Reach Shipbuilders (GRSE): Signs pact with Norway’s Kongsberg: PIB
InterGlobe Aviation (INDIGA): Sign Codeshare partnership with Garuda Indonesia
Ola Electric Mobility (OLAELEC): Hyundai Motor, Kia Sell Ola Electric Shares in Block: NSE Data
Premier Explosives (PRE): To restart Telangana plant operations at earliest
Sansera Engineering (SANSERA): In long-term contract with Airbus valued at INR1.68b for ICTM programs
SEAMAC (SEAM): Approves buying Seamec Anant Vessel from HAL Offshore for $70 million
Tata Motors (TTMT): Introduces Harrier EV SUV starting at INR2.15M
Techno Electric (TECHNOE): Selected by Railtel as DataCentre partner to build 10mw data centre
Texmaco Rail (TXMRE): Gets INR1.22b order from Western railway
TVS Motor Co (TVSL): Signs accord with Kadam Mobility to deploy 500 EVs 3-wheelers during FY26
Wipro (WPRO): Won multiyear deal from Entrust to accelerate growth strategy
Yes Bank (YES): Carlyle Affiliate Sells 410M Yes Bank Shares in Block Deal: NSE
Zinka Logistics (BLACKBUC): Adia Buys 2.3M Zinka Logistics Shares via Block: NSE
Zydus Lifesciences (ZYDUSLIF): Agenus and Zydus Lifesciences Enter $141m Partnership
MS on Godrej CP: Maintain Overweight on Company, target price at Rs 1431/Sh (Positive)
MS on M&M: Maintain Overweight on Company, target price at Rs 3668/Sh (Positive)
MS on Tata Power: Maintain Overweight on Company, target price at Rs 449/Sh (Positive)
Nomura on CEAT: Maintain Buy on Company, target price at Rs 3945/Sh (Positive)
HSBC on Embassy Office Parks: Maintain Buy on REIT, target price at Rs 435/Sh (Positive)
HSBC on Brook: Maintain Buy on REIT, target price at Rs 330/Sh (Positive)
HSBC On Indian Economy: Inflation likely to trend below target and expect 25 bps rate cut. (Positive)
Jefferies on Cement stocks: Cement universe delivered a strong rebound in Q4, Q1 should benefit from further recovery in pricing in South (Positive)
Moody’s on Indian Banks: Indian banks’ asset quality to hold up despite global economic worries Expect RBI’s draft gold loan norms to slow growth of gold loans (Neutral)
MS on JSW Steel: Maintain Equal weight on Company, target price at Rs 1000/Sh (Neutral)
MS on ICICI Lombard: Maintain Equal weight on Company, target price at Rs 1855/Sh (Neutral)
MS on Tata Motors: Maintain Equal weight on Company, target price at Rs 715/Sh (Neutral)
Nomura on Tata Motors: Maintain Neutral on Company, target price at Rs 799/Sh (Neutral)
MS on Infosys: Maintain Overweight on Company, target price at Rs 1800/Sh (Neutral)
Nuvama on CEAT: Maintain Buy on Company, target price at Rs 3800/Sh (Positive)
Company: PSP Projects Ltd (PSPPROJECT)
Type of Offer: Acquisition
Acquirer: Adani Infra (India) Limited
Issue of Public Announcement: 19-Nov-2024
Offer price Rs: 642.06 
CMP: Rs 637.10
(%Prem.)/Disc.: 0.80%
Offer Size : Rs 662 cr
Proposed Acq. No. of shares: 1.03 cr
Proposed Acq. : 26%
Schedule of Activity:
Start Date: 22 May 2025 
End Date: 4 June 2025 (Today)
Settlement Date: 18 June 2025
Issue Open – 13-June-25
Issue Close – 20-June-25
Right issue Size: Rs. 399.33 Crs (2.47 Crs Shares)
CMP – 179.40/-
Rights Price: Rs. 162.00/-
Payment Terms: Rs. 162.00/- (To be paid on application)
Rights Entitlement Ratio: 50 Rights Equity Share for every 189 shares held (Effectively 0.26 for every 1 share held).
Last Trade date (Cum Right): Wednesday, 04th June, 2025 (Today)
Ex-Right Trading date: Thursday, 05th June, 2025
Record Date: Thursday, 05th June, 2025
Date of Allotment (on or about): Not Yet Announced
Date of listing (on or about): Not Yet Announced
Effective Discount Per share – Rs. 3.29
{CMP-[(no. of Shares * CMP) + (No. of RE * Right issue Price) ]/ No. of Shares incl. RE}
Route : Tender Route
Buyback Price : 185/-
Buyback Size (in Rs) : 20 Crore
Buyback Size (in Shares) : 10,81,081 shares(representing 1.65% of total paid up Equity Share Capital)
Retail Quota – 1,62,162 shares
Record Date – 23 May 2025
CMP : 146.60/-
Schedule of Activity:
Start Date: 29 May 2025 
End Date: 4 June 2025 (Today)
Settlement Date: 11 June 2025
Symbol: SCODATUBES
Series:
Equity “T Group” 
BSE Code: 544411
ISIN: INE090501011
*Face Value:*Rs 10/-
Issue Price:
Rs 140/- per share
CMP: INR 24 | Market Cap: INR 2,352 Mn
Forward Guidance
* For FY26, the company is looking at a topline run of 20% to 30% growth.
* The focus for FY26 is on the bottom line, which is expected to see a significant jump, largely due to the monetisation of byproducts.
* The expected margin for FY26 is in the range of 15% to 18% or possibly 15% to 20%. There is a contingency that margins could remain around 15-16% or even higher in FY27 if the global scenario remains stable.
* Annual savings from the cogen plant are expected to be about INR 40 Mn to INR 50 Mn per year.
* Current plant capacity utilisation at the existing facility is 60%. Post-capex, pigment capacity utilisation is expected to increase to 70% to 75%. Specifically, the capacity utilisation of existing products (CPC -> Alpha/Beta) is expected to go up from 60% to 75-80%, meaning around 750 tons will be used out of a total capacity of 1,000 tons.
* Expected monthly capacities after Q1, with new production, are 200 tons for Alpha (up from 150 tons) and 250 tons for Beta (up from 200 tons).
* The byproduct fertiliser plant is targeted to reach a capacity of 6,000 tons per annum once completely stabilised. The goal is to reach 80% of this capacity by Q2.
Forward Looking Statements
* The cogen plant is expected to be operational next month.
* Raw material for the new plant is expected to stabilise by the second quarter of this year.
* The power plant (cogen plant) is expected to start in the coming quarter.
* The capital expenditure (capex) has been done to efficiently utilise waste products, which the company is going to monetise in the near future.
* The entire capex run is aimed at efficiently managing costs and monetising byproducts. The capex is also intended to achieve production at the right cost for long-term consistency in production capacities.
* The new plant (likely referring to the cogen and byproduct/fertiliser projects) will enable the running of the plant more efficiently 24/7, addressing potential disruptions in water and electricity supply.
* The waste product monetisation plant (part of the capex) is planned to produce 6,000 tons of certain high-value fertilisers per annum once production is stabilised.
* The byproduct fertiliser plant is targeted to be absolutely stabilised by Q2. The ramp-up will start in Q1 and stabilisation will be by Q2.
* The company aims to achieve an integrated ecosystem, where increased Alpha and Beta production is supported by the monetisation of the generated waste, killing two birds with one stone.
* There are plans to reduce borrowings to negligible levels in the next one to one and a half years. The company aims to become a zero-debt company.
* No significant capex is expected for the next year beyond routine maintenance capex.
* Initial batches from the new plant have started and are promising, with commercialisation not seen as an issue as these products are relatively easier to commercialise compared to the CPC to downstream pigment transformation previously undertaken.
* Numbers from the new plant are targeted for Q2.
Key Financials
* This CWIP of INR 560 Mn includes INR 250 Mn for the boiler and cogen plant, and INR 200 Mn for ‘the’ (likely the byproduct/fertiliser plant mentioned later), with the rest for balancing equipment.
* Current monthly production capacities are approximately 600 tons for CPC, 150 tons for Alpha, and 200 tons for Beta. The total capacity is stated as 1,000 tons.
* The value (price) of products per kilogram in the market is around 300-350 rupees for CPC blue crude, 500-550 rupees for Alpha, and 400-420 rupees for Beta.
* The high-value fertilisers from waste monetisation are valued at anywhere between 80 rupees to 110 rupees per kilo. The input cost for producing this fertiliser is described as negligible, suggesting the topline from this product would largely flow to the bottom line.
* Long-term borrowing is about INR 400 Mn, used only for capex.
Others
* The company manufactures blue and green pigments which are used in end-user industries such as printing inks, paints, plastics, rubber master batches, and textiles.
* India has a monopoly in this specific chemistry globally, manufacturing about 80% of the pigment for the entire world, compared to China which does about 20%.
* Growth in all major sectors in India is about 4-5%, while world growth is about 1-1.5% for this chemistry.
* Raw materials are primarily oil downstream products, with almost 90% sourced in-house and mostly from India (e.g., phthalo anhydride, copper chloride).
* The enhancement in margins, increasing from 4-5% to 9%, is primarily due to the product mix change from being a CPC crude manufacturer to becoming a pigment manufacturer (downstream product), which has higher margins. This product change started being stabilised at current volumes from last year.
* The company is achieving an integrated ecosystem by manufacturing CPC blue, additants, and pigment in one facility. The waste generated is also monetised using the capex done.
* The integrated facility allows the company to give a better product, have more control over quality, and offer an aggressive pricing structure.
* The company’s market share in India is anywhere between 12% to 15%.
* Nearest competitors with similar capacity in India are Asahi and Make Money Organics. The top three or four players are stated to be among the largest, with capacities being similar or almost equal. These Indian competitors are unlisted.
* Pricing in India generally follows a cost-plus model due to the significant production volumes. Raw material fluctuations are passed on to customers via price with a lag time of about one and a half months.
* Customer contracts are typically monthly. The price is fixed in the monthly contract with no price escalation clause within the month.
* With the increased internal consumption of CPC blue crude for producing Alpha and Beta, the company will become the biggest customer of its own product, using about 75% internally.
* The company is the first player to use the byproducts generated in its process to create a fertiliser plant, utilising proprietary in-house technology. This waste monetisation is a competitive advantage, especially for Alpha production, where waste generation is a challenge for others.
* Kesar Petro is promoted by Shares & Securities. Shares & Securities previously operated in the blue segment but consolidated its business into Kesar Petro (which it bought in 2008) around 2014. Shares & Securities is also listed but is not currently doing revenue; Kesar Petro books the entire business.
* Almost 80% of the company’s product is exported, with about 20% to 25% being direct exports and the rest via merchant exporters.
Arihant Capital Markets Ltd
03 June 2025 (Rs. In Crs.)
Turnover: (NSE + BSE)
Cash Volume: 116211.91 + 11722.58 Total: 127934.49
F&O Volume: 12583808.13 + 44048529.28 Total: 56632337.41
Provisional Cash
FII/FPI: NET SELL: -2,853.83
(17,063.43 – 19,917.26) 
DII: NET BUY: +5,907.97
(15,703.72 – 9,795.75)
13:30 EURO Final Services PMI (Expected: 48.9 versus Previous: 48.9)
14:00 U.K. Final Services PMI (Expected: 50.2 versus Previous: 50.2)
17:45 U.S. ADP Non-Farm Employment Change (Expected: 110K versus Previous: 62K)
18:00 U.S. FOMC Member Bostic Speaks
18:00 U.S. FOMC Member Cook Speaks
19:30 U.S. ISM Services PMI (Expected: 52.0 versus Previous: 51.6)
Dollar Tree, Inc (Pre market) (Sector- Retail)
The Descartes Systems Group Inc (Post market) (Sector- Technology)
The outlook for Federal Bank is bullish. The 2 per cent rise on Tuesday has taken the share price well above a key resistance level of ₹205. It also confirms a cup and handle bullish pattern on the daily chart. The level of ₹205 will now act as a good support and limit the downside. 
Federal Bank's bullish outlook with key resistance level surpassed, cup and handle pattern confirmed, potential rise to ₹230-235.
Published on June 4, 2025
Copyright© 2025, THG PUBLISHING PVT LTD. or its affiliated companies. All rights reserved.
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We’re halfway through 2025 — see which social media trends are holding strong, what’s changed, and what still deserves your attention.
Welcome to social media marketing in 2025, where trends go from brat to demure in a matter of days.
Brands push creative boundaries while social audiences’ demographics and attention spans tank. Add generative AI, TikTok Shops, and the ever-growing expectation for social commerce to drive business impact to the mix, and it’s enough to make even the savviest marketer’s head spin.
But no need to spiral, friends. We’ve got solutions. Here are the top 15 social media trends you need to know heading into 2025 — and actionable tips to help you bring them to your social media content.
Psst: Since we’re halfway through the year, we’ve refreshed this guide with the latest insights to help you spot which trends are sticking around and which ones are shifting.
Get our 2025 Social Media Trends report for the insights you need to reach your goals in what’s shaping up to be social’s best year yet.
Now that we’re almost halfway through 2025, it’s the perfect time to do a pulse check on our social trends and see how they’re tracking.
Check out our latest insights to keep your marketing strategy sharp, relevant, and, most importantly, agile:
We’ve noticed that brands have been using Threads and X as spaces to experiment with tone, humor, and authenticity.
Why? Many organizations just haven’t established clear guidelines for these social media channels (yet), beyond simply aiming to entertain. So this is where they’re ditching polished messaging for unfiltered, real-time social media posts that click with their audiences.
“Vibe” culture is on the rise, marking a shift from fleeting trends to slower, mood-driven moments. And marketers are evolving their trend-hopping strategies accordingly.
They’re using automation, social listening, and AI to decode the mood and energy behind trends (not just sentiment) to help them curate longer-lasting emotional experiences that strengthen brand identity — not diminish it.
AI is the trend, but the real power move is sharing your prompts. Marketers have embraced AI so much that they’re now creating a culture of teaching and transparency.
They’re no longer pretending they didn’t use AI to get that polished output and instead showing their peers how they got there.
And while we’re on the subject of AI trends, the em dash continues to be a hot topic online — proof that even punctuation can go viral and get people fired up. (We’re team em dash — clearly.)
ChatGPT’s launch in late 2022 may have signaled the start of the AI revolution, but AI adoption only kicked into high gear in 2024. These days, content creators and social media marketers are embracing AI to streamline content creation and inform, inspire, and refine every part of the process.
Social network platforms, in particular, are leading the charge with some impressive AI-driven releases — and we’re pretty sure this is just the beginning.
Meta’s AI, launched in the spring of this year, offers everything from content suggestions for creators to real-time answers to customer questions. It can even generate tailored replies and insights during conversations, making it a powerful tool for both customer service and community engagement.
LinkedIn, meanwhile, creates collaborative articles by pairing AI-generated topic suggestions with contributions from relevant LinkedIn members. The resulting articles benefit both the platform and its users: members get to position themselves as thought leaders, while LinkedIn gets content that keeps their community on the platform longer.
It’s not just Meta and LinkedIn, either. X (Twitter) is using tweets to train its AI, TikTok’s Symphony Assistant helps creators explore trending topics, and Canva’s AI tools can literally create custom designs from a description.
At Hootsuite, we’re seeing firsthand how AI can transform a marketing strategy — and we’re adapting our features in response. Tools like OwlyWriter AI make social media content generation easier than ever, while our social performance score functionality uses AI to provide a clear, weekly snapshot of your content’s performance.
If it feels like everyone is suddenly using AI, that’s because they are.
For respondents in Hootsuite’s Social Media Trends Report, it’s no longer a question of if you should use AI but how you’ll use it. And that’s where things get interesting.
While we’re all familiar with using ChatGPT to shortcut the writing process, Hootsuite’s digital marketing Trends Report shows that AI is no longer just a helpful tool for content generation.
Instead, marketers are using AI to refine their marketing strategy, turn messy notes into organized presentations, and brainstorm new ideas. It’s a thought partner, not a job-stealer.
TL;DR? AI isn’t something to be wary of; it’s a critical tool to master if you want to stay competitive.
To-do list:
It’s easy to view social media as “just” a channel for engagement and brand awareness, but its potential as a revenue-driving performance channel is growing.
What does this mean?
Performance marketing is all about driving measurable business outcomes (e.g., sales, leads, and customer acquisition) at the best possible ROI.
Until recently, connecting social media to these business metrics has been challenging. Success on social was typically measured by “vanity metrics” like likes, comments, and shares.
While important, these indicators don’t have a crystal clear connection to revenue. This often left social marketers feeling underappreciated and overlooked in strategic business conversations. It also made securing stakeholder buy-in for new hires, better tools, and higher budgets difficult.
But don’t sweat! The good news is that this is finally changing.
Thanks to tools like social listening and advanced social media analytics, SMMs can now prove the ROI of their work and link social activity to real business impact.
With real-time insights about customer sentiment, emerging trends, and competitors’ weaknesses, you can go from this:
Our social posts drove 2,735 likes and 842 comments this month.
… to this:
Social listening identified customer complaints about our competitors’ lengthy customer service wait times. So we created a ‘No-Wait Guarantee’ campaign, which we launched as paid and organic social posts. It drove 35% more traffic to our site and a 10% lift in new customer sign-ups.
In-depth social data can inform smarter marketing budget allocation — but also improve product development, customer service, and corporate strategy.
In the coming year, more brands will lean on social media as a core performance channel, driving measurable growth and producing invaluable business intelligence. SMMs skilled in listening and data-driven strategy will not only improve their results but also earn a “seat at the table” and a larger share of their organization’s marketing budget.
To-do list:
Social trends (or, more and more often, micro trends) come and go so fast that marketers rarely have time to make an informed decision about whether to join in or step back.
While 82% of social media managers report being up-to-date with current trends, fewer feel participating is always a good idea. And a healthy dose of apprehension is called for.
Brands that jump from one viral moment to the next without an underlying strategy risk appearing inauthentic — and, ultimately, annoying their audiences (or disappearing in a sea of nearly identical posts).
So, how do you know when to join in on a trend?
The two extreme approaches are trendjacking (folding all major trends into your social strategy) and the polar opposite, a trend detox. (The latter is Jack Appleby’s concept of taking deliberate breaks from current events to produce original content true to a brand’s identity and goals.)
Luckily, you don’t have to choose between extremes. Digging into context and making strategic, data-informed decisions is the smart in-between. And social listening tools can help you do just that.
Social listening doesn’t just help brands spot emerging trends. It also helps marketers gauge the relevance and sentiment of a trend, predict its longevity, and identify key creators contributing to the viral moment.
With these insights, brands can make informed decisions about which trends to engage with and when to step back.
In either case, flexibility is key. 27% of social marketers say they regularly adjust their content strategies based on current trends, whether that means joining a viral moment or strategically hitting the brakes.
Currently, only 29% of social marketers use social listening for trend monitoring — but the majority of those who do report seeing a positive impact on their business.
In 2025, expect to see fewer brands diving headfirst into every hot trend. Instead, more will be using social listening insights to carefully pick their moments — and gauge sentiment, track user-generated content, and evaluate whether a trend aligns with their marketing strategy or not.
Whether you’re hopping on the latest YouTube Shorts, Reels, or trending memes, being strategic is essential.
To-do list:
We’ve all seen it — the trending TikTok with a comment section full of blue-checked accounts whose connection to the content seems tenuous at best. Ariana, what are you doing here?
It’s nothing new; brands have been using comments to boost awareness for ages. In fact, there are entire TikTok accounts dedicated to the practice.
But while in the past it seemed like brands would comment on any and every post, in 2025, those outbound engagements will become much more strategic.
Consider Dove, which has been using comment sections to amplify its message of body positivity and self-care. In an interview with Marketing Brew, the social strategists who work on the Dove account explained their approach: it’s all about engaging directly with customers and building positive brand sentiment.
Before commenting, they look at the age of the video, the “volume and velocity” of comments, and the number of brands already commenting. If the TikTok passes the vibe check, Dove comments, allowing the brand to both build community and increase visibility in prime social real estate.
In other words, the comment section is like a mini ad space — if you’re showing up authentically, it can pay off big time.
Hootsuite’s Social Engagement Coordinator, Paige Schmidt, has also noticed that outbound engagements are evolving.
“These days, we’re seeing more strategic thinking: brands are considering which posts to reply to, the tone they’ll use, and which platforms to focus on,” Schmidt explains. This shift isn’t just about visibility — it’s about learning from your audience and shaping brand perception.
If you’re considering joining the conversation (and we’ve always said that social is a conversation, not a one-way broadcast), think of it in terms of relevance, not volume. When done right, thoughtful comments can boost brand recall and build connections without coming off as unplanned or opportunistic.
To-do list:
Traditional marketing made us believe that cross-channel consistency is essential to brand integrity. However, the evolution of social media is proving that audiences respond better to authenticity and relevance than to rigid uniformity in voice and style.
Hootsuite’s 2024 trends survey revealed that above all else, people want to be entertained on social media. Last year, we found that brands were struggling to meet this expectation, focusing too much of their social strategies on products and services. This not only made their content less engaging — it also negatively affected ROI.
Recently, creative marketers have been less risk-averse. And brands that choose to adopt separate content strategies for different social platforms (rather than rigidly enforcing style guidelines across all channels) are seeing impressive results.
This trend aligns with TikTok’s 2024 forecast on “creative bravery,” which encouraged brands to be bold, go big, and embrace platform-specific styles. The inevitable side-effect of this approach is looser brand consistency.
In the last year, 43% of organizations tried out a new tone or personality on social, with some bold enough to diverge significantly from their standard brand voice.
Hever Castle’s playful Instagram posts or the official TikTok account of the Paralympics are great examples of organizations finding unique, platform-appropriate voices — and audiences rewarding these efforts with engagement.
While most organizations aren’t exploring creative extremes (not everyone can pull off Nutter Butter’s abstract humor), even subtle voice adjustments are helping brands blend more seamlessly into each platform’s culture and feel like part of the conversation.
In 2025, expect more brands to push creative boundaries on social and create stronger connections with new and existing audiences. We’re here for it!
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Known for its wide range of niche, community-driven subreddits, Reddit is the place to be for authentic, peer-driven engagement.
And guess what? It’s only gaining momentum.
ICYMI: Reddit’s global user base surpassed 1.22 billion in 2024, making it a major player in the social media landscape.
As traditional marketing methods continue to lose their steam, Reddit is becoming one of the most powerful platforms for authentic engagement.
It’s also the platform that users trust the most when learning about new products and brands:
That’s because, unlike platforms that rely heavily on paid ads, Reddit thrives on organic conversations and peer-vetted recommendations. It’s where people go to talk about products, share experiences, and give honest feedback.
For marketers, that means Reddit is a goldmine for insights. You can use social listening to track what users are saying about you and your competitors — or you can jump in and engage with them directly.
But here’s the catch: Reddit is not a place for pushy sales tactics. It’s a space where authenticity and transparency matter. Marketers who succeed on Reddit get there by building relationships through real, helpful conversations rather than simply pushing products.
Take brands like The Washington Post and the NBA. They’ve leveraged Reddit’s communities to connect with users on a deeper level, building trust while addressing pain points and providing value.
Follow their lead to foster real connections with existing Reddit communities and build trust over time.
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So far, the North American market has yet to replicate the runaway success of “everything apps” like WeChat or KakaoTalk. Still, while some tech giants have tried to position their platforms as the next go-to app, we think TikTok might actually be doing it.
With the launch of TikTok Shop, the app has transformed from a social platform to a full-fledged marketplace. Users can now discover, shop, and buy directly from their favorite creators — and TikTok is set to generate a whopping $17.5 billion in ecommerce sales in 2024, proving it’s a serious player in the online shopping world.
Beyond shopping, TikTok is also the birthplace of nearly every major social trend. The app’s influence on pop culture is so intense that it has essentially created a new kind of “micro trend” cycle.
As soon as one trend peaks, another is already on the rise, which means brands that can tap into these trends early can gain significant visibility — but you have to move quickly. (If you haven’t posted your demure or mindful content yet, maybe ditch that post)
And yes, we know TikTok is facing regulatory challenges that could impact its long-term growth. The platform has already been banned on government devices in Canada and may face similar restrictions in the United States.
While a full consumer ban hasn’t yet been enacted, these moves reflect an increasing focus on privacy concerns around the app, which may shape its future accessibility and usage.
Those concerns aside, we firmly believe that TikTok is redefining what it means to be an all-in-one platform. As the first “everything app” with widespread North American adoption, it offers users a pretty primo combination of social interaction, entertainment, and shopping.
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Marketers are putting their money where their future is — and in 2025, that future is Gen Z.
Known for their tech-savvy ways, quick wit, and meme-fueled humor, Gen Zers control over $450 billion in spending power globally. If your brand isn’t paying attention to them, you’re missing out.
But here’s the thing — Gen Z shops differently. Remember, this is the generation who grew up on their phones but rarely uses them to talk. It’s only fitting that, full of contradictions, they wouldn’t follow the same buying rules as Millennials or Boomers.
Enter B2Z™ marketing.
Coined by Hootsuite’s CEO Irina Novoselsky, the term hints at how Gen Z is reshaping the buying journey, even in B2B industries.
Gen Z’s product discovery process starts and ends with social media, especially platforms like Instagram and TikTok, where creators, influencers, and viral trends influence their purchasing decisions.
In fact, 46% of Gen Z begin their B2B search on social, not Google. Think of them as the self-service generation — everything they want needs to be at their fingertips.
Irina says, “They’re a TikTok generation with 6-second attention spans but will research 13 pieces of content before reaching out to a sales rep.”
Gone are the days of traditional ads or relying on Facebook to reach this demo. To connect with Gen Z, brands need to be creative, authentic, and meet them where they are.
“For companies, it’s time to rethink how you show off your products — ditch the demos and build intuitive platforms that let Gen Z buyers find the value themselves, at their own pace,” shares Novoselsky.
Take, for example, how Chili’s taps into viral trends on TikTok, like this Brat summer call-out:
Or this spin on a viral sound with a slew of Chili’s menu suggestions:
Both posts racked up hundreds of thousands of views — plus chatty comment sections flooded with Gen Zs responding to the playful yet relatable approach.
What’s more, these social efforts helped drive business impact: 15% increase in same-store sales for the quarter.
So, what does this mean for your brand? If you want to break through (and sell) to Gen Z, your strategy has to evolve.
With social media driving brand discovery and research, Gen Z expects businesses to meet them where they are. The days of downloading demos or meeting with sales reps to find out more are numbered; Gen Z wants all of this information upfront (and on social) to make their purchasing decisions
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Look, we’re not too proud to admit when we’re wrong. Last year, we were pretty sure that long-form video was about to make a big comeback. This year, we can admit that short-form video continues to reign supreme.
Platforms like TikTok, Instagram, YouTube, and LinkedIn have embraced short-form video as the best way to capture attention and increase engagement. With our shortened attention spans and well-honed scrolling habits, we want content that’s quick, engaging, and instantly shareable.
Video isn’t just for B2C brands, either. LinkedIn is seeing huge success with short-form video, noting that video content is now its fastest-growing format. No matter your industry, you can create videos that go beyond entertainment to inform and connect with your audience in seconds.
And while TikToks can now be up to 60 minutes long, consider that an outlier. The average TikTok video may be getting longer, but it’s still under a minute.
Even Instagram Head Adam Mosseri confirmed that Instagram won’t pivot to long-form video since the format doesn’t align with the platform’s connection-focused primary goals.
A post shared by Adam Mosseri (@mosseri)
Connection really is the name of the game when it comes to short-form, too. Entertainment companies that used to dish out copyright strikes like nobody’s business now upload their own content to video platforms because they know that virality requires access.
For all the talk of hyper-personalized FYPs and super-sophisticated algorithms, the same short-form content tends to bubble up to the top, trending across feeds and reaching users everywhere, regardless of location.
Brands that tap into these major trends can ride a HUGE wave of visibility as users share what resonates with their networks. Our feeds may be personalized, but we’re still drawn to content everyone else is watching. The shared brainrot is truly mind-boggling — unless we’re totally delulu.
What does this mean for brands, though? Consider short-form video an ideal opportunity to build relevance, spark conversations, and capitalize on shared cultural moments.
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Forget traditional TV — social media is entering its entertainment era, and it’s time for brands to start rolling. Ready, set, action!
Platforms like YouTube, Instagram, and TikTok have become the new “cable” destination, where users can binge-watch TikToks instead of flipping between channels.
In fact, while traditional TV viewership is declining (cable TV consumption dropped from 34.4% in 2022 to just 29.6% in 2023), social media use is on the rise.
The average American is expected to spend nearly 8 hours a day on social media by 2025, up from 7 hours and 19 minutes in 2022.
Take Who TF Did I Marry on TikTok, for example — a 50-part series that amassed millions of views per clip.
It wasn’t just a viral hit; it was a masterclass in keeping audiences engaged with episodic storytelling, not dissimilar to your favorite TV show.
And brands took note. Ahead of the 2024 election, Vogue even dedicated a TikTok playlist, Jack Reacts, for their political correspondent Jack Schlossberg to contribute bite-sized political commentary.
This shift points to our increasingly short attention spans and the surge of platforms heeding the call with Tinsel Town-quality entertainment — offering unique ways to keep users engaged.
So, if your brand has a story to tell, it’s time to adopt a Hollywood mindset.
The social feed is the new appointment television, and it’s time for brands to claim their spot.
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We’ve been banging the social SEO drum for a few years now, but guys, that’s because it’s really important. Like, really.
As platforms continue to introduce AI-driven features, the way users discover content is only continuing to evolve. This means that now, you’ll also need to get good at AIO, or artificial intelligence optimization.
Just like Google’s AI search, which summarizes information on search results pages, AI-generated social search results deliver content summaries that provide direct answers to user queries.
Take TikTok’s new(ish) search highlights. This feature uses AI to condense search results into quick, easy-to-scan insights that appear above any video content.
“Oh no,” you’re thinking, “Now no one will watch my matcha latte tutorials!” Not quite.
TikTok’s AI search generates a snapshot of what users are looking for, but it also provides links to relevant content. If you want your videos to appear here, you’ll have to ensure that your content is set up to provide the clear, to-the-point answers your audience wants.
Similarly, Meta’s new chat-style AI search uses conversational prompts instead of traditional simple search phrases. So, brands need to think in terms of answering questions with their content, not just dropping keywords into captions.
It’s not just about AI search, either; local SEO is also stepping into the social SEO spotlight.
Instagram and TikTok both offer searchable map features that help users find businesses and popular locations nearby, offering relevant brands a huge opportunity.
To optimize for this feature, make sure you’re adding location tags, including all of your business details in your profile, and using area-specific hashtags to boost visibility. That way, when users browse the map feature, those purchase-ready potential customers will find you first.

Adapting to these AI-powered features means making sure your content isn’t just visible but useful and answer-driven. Think of it as a chance to become a go-to resource in your industry, showing up where your audience is asking questions and looking for the best answers.
To-do list:
SMMs have known that shares are an important engagement metric for some time. But just this summer, Instagram Head Adam Mosseri revealed that they’re also one of the most important ranking signals for the Instagram algorithm.

A post shared by Adam Mosseri (@mosseri)
This means that DM shares per reach now play a more crucial role in building Instagram visibility than traditional metrics like likes or comments. So, if you want to grow your reach — by getting better placement on more followers’ feeds or showing up in the Explore tab — you better start creating sharable posts.
Online retailer SSENSE does this by posting memes featuring their products:

A post shared by SSENSE (@ssense)
At Hootsuite, we publish original research that marketers share with their teams and peers:

A post shared by Hootsuite (@hootsuite)
Getting in the algorithm’s good graces is just one benefit of creating sharable content. A recent study by EMARKETER shows that 10% of social shoppers’ purchases are inspired by the content they see in their DMs and group chats.
While you wait for your content to spread organically through DMs, you can set up an Instagram broadcast channel — a one-to-many messaging tool that works like a big group chat for your brand’s most engaged followers.
Fashion and beauty brands, including Jaquemus, Fenty, and Cult Gaia, are seeing success using broadcast channels to build exclusive, engaged communities.
But broadcast channels can also serve as persuasive sales channels. Co-founder and chief brand officer of Moda Operandi, Lauren Santo Domingo, told Vogue Business that the company’s personal shoppers and customer care agents regularly receive preorder requests for products shared exclusively via the brand’s broadcast channel.
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Once upon a time, LinkedIn was known as a stuffy, professional networking site, but my, how the times have changed. In 2025, the platform is redefining itself as the liveliest social platform in town.
From CEOs and industry leaders to creators and recent grads, LinkedIn has evolved beyond networking into more traditional social engagement.
With the addition of new features like polls, a news banner, and even games (yes, you read that right — games!), the platform is working hard to become more appealing to its users. Especially to Gen Z, who will make up 27% of the workforce by 2025.
Brands are taking note of this trend and changing their presence on the platform, too. Businesses are shifting from the formal corporate tone of yesteryear to more relatable, casual, and authentic content that resonates with Gen Z’s preference for transparency and real-world connection.
But it’s not just Gen Z that’s reshaping the platform. Marketers are increasingly seeing LinkedIn as an effective tool for driving website traffic and building brand awareness.
It’s also a great channel for building credibility and meaningful engagement — whether through product launches, Q&As, or behind-the-scenes puppy costume content.
So, it’s not surprising that according to a 2024 survey, LinkedIn is the third most important social media platform for marketers around the globe.
In 2025, more marketers will use LinkedIn to build visibility, attract qualified web traffic, and position their brands as industry leaders.
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The influencer landscape is changing. Gone are the days when brands only looked to big accounts with massive followings for partnerships. Today, businesses are finding more success — and value — working with micro-influencers, nano-influencers, and, most recently, UGC creators.
Unlike traditional influencers, UGC creators don’t need large followings or recognizable personal brands. They’re regular social media users who are paid by brands to create content that looks and feels organic.
These collaborations often include unboxings, tutorials, or lifestyle videos featuring a product naturally, like cooking or beauty routine videos.

A post shared by FORMULA FIG (@formulafig)
There are many reasons to give UGC marketing a shot:
Win-win-win!
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Time to say bye-bye to a one-size-fits-all approach to marketing. The future is all about finding your niche — and creating spaces that feel uniquely tailored to your audience.
It’s clear: exclusive content is on the rise. Brands and creators alike are leaning into private communities and subscription models to meet those evolving expectations.
Think Substack, Patreon, Instagram broadcast channels, and even private Facebook groups — all spaces where creators and brands can offer a more intimate, curated experience for their most dedicated followers.
Why put in the effort? Because modern consumers are looking for channels that cater specifically to their interests, where they can connect with brands and creators without the noise of mass-market content.
To stay ahead in 2025, invest in more niche channels — whether that’s creating your own private community, offering subscription-based content, or diving deeper into niche platforms that cater to specific interests.
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Save time managing your social media presence with Hootsuite. From a single dashboard, you can publish and schedule posts, find relevant conversions, engage the audience, measure results, and more. Try it free today.
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Karolina Mikolajczyk is a Team Lead on Hootsuite’s Inbound team and an associate editor of the Hootsuite blog.
After completing her Master’s degree in English, Karolina launched her marketing career in 2014. Before joining Hootsuite in 2021, she worked with digital marketing agencies, SaaS startups, and international enterprise businesses, helping brands and social media content creators grow their online presence and improve conversions through SEO and content marketing strategies.
Karolina lives in Vancouver, BC. She likes to spend her free time bike touring wine bars and hanging out with her two cats, Juju and Tuna.
Liz Stanton is an Inbound Marketing Strategist and associate editor of the Hootsuite blog. After years of freelance writing, she transitioned to a full-time marketing career in 2018. Before joining Hootsuite in 2022, Liz worked as a brand strategist, content editor, and digital campaign manager. She specialized in helping digital marketing agencies, B2C businesses, and SaaS startups build their brands and improve conversions through content marketing and social media.
Amanda Demeku is an SEO Content Strategist and associate editor of the Hootsuite blog. After years of working in print and digital publications, she transitioned to a full-time marketing career in 2021. Her work has appeared in publications such as Chatelaine, FASHION Magazine, House & Home, and The Globe & Mail and has been cited by The New York Times. Amanda now specializes in social media, developing data-driven content strategies that boost brands’ visibility and engagement.
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